Bioavaibility α - mangostin : a review

α-Mangostin, the main xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana Linn), Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical tree native of Southeast Asia that produces pericarp fruit which contains tricyclic isoprenylated polyphenols called xanthones. Many in vitro studies have shown that xanthones have anti-oxidants, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Bioavailability of α-MG has been reported to several recent studies. In mice, alpha-mangostin is well tolerated with several doses as high as 200 mg / kg and is not associated with specific toxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats identified two attributes of alpha-mangostin. First, alpha-mangostin is less absorbed under certain conditions. Second, the metabolism of alpha-mangostin is fast with most of the metabolism occurring within the first 30-60 minutes. In 94.2 mg of healthy human volunteers xanthone, including an unknown amount of alpha-mangostin, given as juice, reaches a peak plasma concentration of 3.42 ng / mL. There are also several reports that discuss xanthones bioavailability in human subjects. Healthy subjects consume 59 mL of xanthones-rich mangosteen juice products containing 94.2 mg of xanthones. The maximum plasma concentration of α-MG (3.12 ± 1.47 ng / mL) is achieved within 1 hour